The Broken Promises of Neoliberal Homelessness Policy

While Housing First was designed to transform homelessness, cost-cutting measures have stripped it of its radical potential, leaving structural inequality untouched.

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Housing First (HF) was hailed as a revolutionary approach to homelessness for decades. Providing immediate, permanent housing without requiring treatment or behavioral compliance offered a compassionate alternative to the punitive, conditional systems that preceded it. But in their recent paper published in the Journal of Public Health Policy, researchers Farkas, Romaniuk, and Baranowski critique the implementation of this once-radical model, arguing that neoliberal policies have co-opted it, emphasizing cost-efficiency over meaningful, systemic change.

The authors describe the model as follows:

“According to [the Housing First] model, the chronically homeless would be housed immediately after intake and assessment without any additional efforts in trying to help their functioning. Any therapy or long-term treatment could be arranged after they obtain stable housing.”

While the Housing First approach has successfully lowered barriers to housing for people experiencing chronic homelessness, Farkas, Romaniuk, and Baranowski argue that its flaws are significant. These include its positioning as a “cost-effective” solution that reduces government responsibility for homelessness and its lack of guaranteed, long-term support for individuals in need. Most critically, the authors contend that Housing First fails to address the structural “root causes” of homelessness, such as systemic poverty and social exclusion—an argument that echoes broader critiques of how neoliberalism and biomedical frameworks sideline the social determinants of mental health.

Los Angeles, CA USA – June 30, 2021: Homeless man on a bicycle along the entrance to the Hollywood Freeway in Los Angeles

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Kevin Gallagher
Dr. Kevin Gallagher is currently an Adjunct Professor of Psychology Point Park University, in Pittsburgh, PA, focusing on Critical Psychology. Over the past decade, he has worked in many different community mental and physical health settings, including four years with the award-winning street medicine program, Operation Safety Net and supervising the Substance Use Disorder Program at Pittsburgh Mercy. Prior to completing his Doctorate in Critical Psychology, he worked with Gateway Health Plan on Clinical Quality Program Development and Management. His academic focus is on rethinking mental health, substance use, and addiction from alternative and burgeoning perspectives, including feminist, critical race, critical posthumanist, post-structuralist, and other cutting edge theories.

4 COMMENTS

  1. Broken promises in the field of politics and policy is never news. Broken policies in the political landscape is the rule, not the exception, and to the brain that hasn’t noticed this I say to you that you are connected to these two blinking marbles called ‘eyes’ by two tangles of string. Use them blinking marbles. And while you’re at it use yourself.

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