It is Time for Global Mental Health to Acknowledge Sociostructural Determinants of Distress

Researchers call for action to address social challenges and inequalities that obstruct mental health and well-being globally.

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A new commentary about global mental health in Lancet Psychiatry, written by Rochelle Ann Burgess and colleagues, announces a call to address the everyday impact of social, economic, and political forces on individual health.Ā 

ā€œThe time has come,ā€ they write, ā€œfor the global mental health movement to acknowledge the importance of the sociostructural determinants of mental distress, and work alongside communities and policymakers in their efforts to address them.ā€

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Focusing on sociostructural determinants of health involves attending to the relationship between social and political factors such as economic deprivation, racism, and gender inequality, and poor mental health. The movement for global mental health has failed to address such social challenges and inequalities. Now, the urgent need to do so is taking center stage in debates about the movement. Burgess and team write:

ā€œAs the global mental health community continues to seek innovations in areas of treatment for mental disorders, there is a growing acceptance that many of our proposed solutions fail to address the social determinants that maintain or impede mental wellbeing in the long termā€¦ā€

Burgess and colleagues argue that successful planning and delivery toward the aim of addressing social determinants is challenged by ambiguity around what the word ā€œsocialā€ is intended to mean. They maintain that ongoing global mental health efforts to close the ā€œtreatment gapā€ in low and middle-income countries have had positive effects and have increased access to services.

The focus of these interventions has been less concentrated on structural and institutional challenges that can impede health, however. Instead, they have centered around individual and interpersonal interventions that acknowledge sociorelational aspects of mental health such as isolation, stigma, and restricted social participation.

Yet, interpersonal interventions designed to empower individuals to ā€œtake control of their lives through access to employment or income-generating opportunitiesā€ are insufficient without consideration of broader social and structural determinants. Burgess and co-authors explain, ā€œsuch outcomes are only possible in contexts that enable such opportunities.ā€

They go on to clarify:

ā€œAlthough our current approaches are a necessary first step towards establishing wellbeing, they remain insufficient in the face of intractable social and structural dynamics.ā€

Burgess and colleagues highlight the work of UN Special Rapporteur, Dainius PÅ«ras, that has aligned with a focus on social determinants. The Special Rapporteur has declared the urgent need for states to take a human rights approach to tackle mental health globally. States have an obligation, PÅ«ras argues, to rectify social inequality and support the development of environments that facilitate mental health.Ā Ā 

Burgess and co-authors announce and call to action and delineate the following five ways to promote social interventions in global mental health.:

  1. ā€œThe development of interventions where community empowerment is viewed as the route to mental health promotion
  2. Expanding our evidence base to highlight the mental health benefits of participation in community-led interventions where the main focus is on topics other than mental health
  3. Prioritizing service user and community knowledge and ownership over the process of intervention designā€”from inception to implementation and delivery
  4. Transitioning to people-centered health systems and services, to enable combined action on social and health challenges to form the core of primary care
  5. Developing our understanding of the long-term relationships between interventions that address social determinants (such as cash transfers or gender empowerment programs), mental health outcomes and other social, economic, and health trajectories, especially among young people.ā€

It is with engaging in these five actions, Burgess and colleagues argue, ā€œthat the global mental health community can commit to addressing the sociostructural challenges that are inseparable from the lives of those whose mental health we aim to support.ā€

 

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Burgess, R. A., Jain, S., Petersen, I., & Lund, C. (2019). Social interventions: a new era for global mental health?.Ā The Lancet Psychiatry. (Link)

 

2 COMMENTS

  1. Thanks for highlighting an obvious source of human distress; it can’t be emphasised too often.

    But, if “Global Mental Health” were to “acknowledge” Sociostructural determinates of distress – what might they do with them?

    Factually, the average present day Psychiatrist has as much of an idea of a non tranquillisation approach, as does the average librarian, or taxi driver.

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  2. Simply put

    Belonging = Survival

    And brains mix up actual physical survival with ‘identity survival’.

    Identity can be thought of as the narrative one creates to gauge level of perceived ( real, imagined, combo of both ) belonging relative to perceived social convention.

    Part of ‘schizophrenia’ is this system sans solid set of rules one perceives to be social convention. The brain can no longer accurately gauge level of belonging because there is no set of rules that it can judge against. With modern technology, there is easy access to many different types of living, which makes notions of right and wrong untenable.

    All the ‘mental illness’s’ have a lack of trust of others and alienation at root which is why connection to others is so huge. It relieves the constant anxiety caused by feeling like you don’t belong.

    Its all much much much much more simple than everyone is making it out to be. But Control = Survival and if you’re not really in control then how are you supposed to survive so the notion that we are being controlled by forces outside our perception ( even though those forces are what build the ability to have perception ( subconscious )) causes so much anxiety it is not even considered as a possible assumption.

    Thats part of it at least.

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