“Treatment Resistant” Schizophrenia Strongly Linked to Dopamine Supersensitivity

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Over 70% of schizophrenia patients who are “treatment resistant” have apparently developed dopamine supersensitivity psychosis from long-term use of antipsychotic medications, according to a study in Psychiatry Research.

Researchers from Chiba University in Japan examined 611 patients from three hospitals, and identified 147 patients who met the criteria for “treatment-resistant schizophrenia” (TRS). Of these, they found that 106 (72.1%) seemed to have dopamine supersensitivity psychosis (DSP).

The researchers defined DSP in this way: “Briefly, the criteria focus on three factors as follows; (1) rebound psychosis, (2) developed tolerance to antipsychotic effect, (3) presence of TD [tardive dyskinesia]. If the patient experienced at least one of these three criteria at any time during the treatment, the patient was judged as the presence [sic] of DSP episode.”

“Of the DSP patients, 42% and 56% experienced rebound psychosis and tolerance to antipsychotic effects, respectively,” wrote the researchers. “The present study revealed that approximately 70% of TRS patients experienced one or more DSP episodes, which may have a strong impact on the long-term prognosis of patients with schizophrenia.”

Suzuki, Tomotaka, Nobuhisa Kanahara, Hiroshi Yamanaka, Masayuki Takase, Hiroshi Kimura, Hiroyuki Watanabe, and Masaomi Iyo. “Dopamine Supersensitivity Psychosis as a Pivotal Factor in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.” Psychiatry Research 0, no. 0. Accessed April 10, 2015. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.02.021. (Abstract)

34 COMMENTS

  1. bout time this came out. I saw a schizophrenic go from fully functional, not having many of the symptoms he had just 7 years later. He had progressed to fully treatment resistive state, the damage like done by the drugs to the point they didn’t have any effect any longer. He started off on Haldol, and went to Clozaril in that time. His new symptoms included uncontrollable yelling and fits of rage that would occur like a tick, a dystonic “Tourette’s” tick they created inside him. He could not help but yell out to his voices. He would be able to control himself only temporarily. He used to be quiet and sedated by the drugs, no longer tho..

    His new diagnosis is likely, “chronic traumatic encephalopathy” from long-term neuroleptic use.

    It’s possible the government started using electronic warfare on him, because it’s impossible to tell who they’re using their weapons on anymore and they seek out new hosts. The weapon is not stoppable with drugs. http://www.drrobertduncan.com

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  2. Todd: This is very tragic. But as long as there is life, there is hope. There may be new developments in nutrition and other therapies that ‘first do no harm’ that could help your friend heal from the dopamine supersensitivity he is experiencing. I totally understand the Tourette’s like ‘tics’ that present as unpredictable rage and anger. My daughter on neuroleptics experiences frequent small explosions then goes back to being calm. She experiences them particularly when her dosage is decreased too rapidly. Naturally, we are very keen to reduce her medications to the greatest extent possible, even eliminate them all together when and if that can be safely done, but withdrawal is fraught with risk of a loved one experiencing a withdrawal crisis that is misinterpreted leading to hospitalization and even higher medication. Treatment providers, unconsciously hostile to consumers and loved ones seeking alternatives to meds, often taper people too quickly, a set up for failure and an almost sure pathway to getting on even higher doses and polypharmacy. It is really important to work with a supportive and compassionate prescriber during the withdrawal/reduction phase but in our experience, such providers are few and far between. But as long as there is life, there is hope. Never, ever write anyone off! Your friend is lucky to have you in his court. I hope you correspond with him regularly and let him know that he is not forgotten!

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    • Hi there are some treatments but no mainstream doctors use them. Look up functional medicine, and functional neurology. The brain is damaged by meds, you develop TBI and CTE. The solution is the person needs full neurological work up, neurological rehab, and none drug based treatments.

      The point is to repair and stabilize the brain again and the person will have to try hard to regain control. The nervous system and muscles typically will never respond properly again because the drugs severe your control of them.

      I found these treatments tk be helpful:

      Whole body vibration long term losesn up muscles, replumps the body, and assists in gaining control over muscles, and strengthening again.
      Steam room, hot tub, hot/cold therapy (ie, icy shower to get shivering, then steam room to get hot), hydro therapy, inversion therapy, massage therapy (to work on muscles, relax, and reconnect to body), and even activities like sky diving, running, biking and yoga help in stimulating your brain, forcing focus, forcing physiological reactions to occur, and the like.

      WBV is really good to treat dystonia, TB, neuro muscle, etc issues.

      Anyway do a treatment regime daily and for a long period and you can slowly improve brain, CNS, and muscle functions.

      Some benefits will be inmediately noticed.

      Call or email me for more details because its a huge job but you can repair the damage and I know for a fact drugs, ECT, brain stimulation and none functional options will never work and only traumatize body and brain and cell function.

      You can get this type of treatment on your own, just get a ymca membership, and find a gym or wellness place that has wbv memberships on a monthly place. Total cost: $120/mo typical for just ymca and WBV access. Expect to pay more for more advanced physical/functional treatments, ie $60/massage or whatever. Medicaid pays for neuro rehab and neurological exams. Oh, btw, only fmri and diffusion tensor imaging MRI can detect damage in brain from psych drugs (typically only available at major universities), not MRI, CT, etc.

      Look up functional medicine and functional neurologist doctors, but shop around because some have no idea about psychiatric drug injuries but others do, and be careful because most doctors fail to identify your needs so you will likely end up seeking treatment on your own ..

      503 967 5202
      [email protected]

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  3. Never mind “schizophrenia” for a moment. Think of all the children who are forced to take these drugs for behavioral purposes, or to treat the side effects of other psych drugs. Proof that they’re not normalizing brain/neurotransmitter function, but rather perturbing it and at least to some degree permanently so. Where’s the outrage? Where’s the ban? What about all the children who’ll spend their lives with dysfunctional dopaminergicc systems? And all because of drugs that were never even supposed to be used in children in the first place. What was, and still is, totally an experiment… that is continuing to be allowed despite what science now knows for sure about these drugs… it’s an atrocity.

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    • I agree, JeffreyC, drugging children with the neuroleptics is an atrocity. And some people are “treatment resistant” because the antipsychotics can do the opposite of what they are supposed to do. The neuroleptics / antipsychotics can make a non-psychotic person psychotic. Proof from drugs.com:

      “neuroleptics … may result in … the anticholinergic intoxication syndrome … Central symptoms may include memory loss, disorientation, incoherence, hallucinations, psychosis, delirium, hyperactivity, twitching or jerking movements, stereotypy, and seizures.”

      As a previously healthy adult, given a child’s dose of Risperdal, due to a misdiagnosis (according to the DSM-IV-TR) of antidepressant withdrawal syndrome as “bipolar. I was made psychotic within two weeks of being put on an antipsychotic. This means .5mg of Risperdal is not a safe dose of Risperdal for any child, either.

      I would imagine there is a huge problem of doctors, other than just mine, misdiagnosing the central symptoms of neuroleptic induced anticholinergic intoxication syndrome as either bipolar or schizophrenia.

      And, absolutely, there is a huge problem with doctors misdiagnosing drug withdrawal induced super sensitivity manic psychosis as a return of the either bipolar or schizophrenia also.

      Wake up and learn about the actual effects of your drugs, doctors. There’s way too much catch 22ing innocent healthy people, and putting them into insane double bind situations, and creating “mental illnesses” for profit going on in our society.

      The UN says, “forced psychiatric treatment is torture,” and it should not be legal.

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    • Many patients with schizophrenia are not treatment resistant and do fairly well on antipsychotics. They’re not perfect, chlorpromazine resulted in a dramatic drop of hospitalized patients with schizophrenia. Usually children are put on antipsychotics when all other interventions have failed and there is extreme aggression. Also, it’s not the doctors putting the kids on antipsychotics. It’s the parents who have usually gone through the gamut of alternatives.

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    • Does anyone else here recognize rebound effects by their vengeful feeling? They’re mean.

      I need to get liquid amitriptyline and am now doing research to see where I can get it. Not Rite Aid. I’ve cut down from 150 mg to 45 mg and find myself up against electrical zaps, deep waves of pain, nausea, vertigo, and a feeling of mild existential dread that I’ve had with an allergic reaction to nortriptyline and with hyperthermia. I don’t know what to call that. If I didn’t know where it was coming from it would frighten me into going to an emergency room. Meanwhile, I’m holding at 45 mg, but still have to take an additional 10 to 20 mg during the day sometimes to stop the uproar in my body.

      It bites. Especially when the pills make ya’ psychotic or something near it. I cannot not thank psychiatry enough for desipramine and the bipolar II disorder that lead to a decade of useless drug cocktails. Now I’m working my way off the prescribing cascade that came with MS, which includes two antidepressants prescribed for nerve pain and sleep.

      The doses of psychoactive drugs available are not small enough, and that’s a problem with neuroleptics and benzos as well. It’s past time for pharmaceutical companies and doctors to make discontinuation less disturbing and symptomatic and to take the symptoms and conditions caused by these drugs seriously.

      The validation, vindication, information, and support I’ve gained through peer support and critical MDs and psychologists who know these experiences is priceless, and thus far is the most valuable resource for getting off useless and harmful psychoactive drugs and figuring out how to do so with the least punishment.

      Keeping people from getting on them in the first place, when they are of no benefit, is a much harder task. Why should we have to learn the hard way?

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      • Actually, it hasn’t been discredited, but is more nuanced. Current theories propose that it’s not necessarily high dopamine as much as it is the downstream effects. The NMDA hypofunction theory is complementary to the d2 supersentivity theory. D2 antagonists and NMDA agonists (like gylcine) both have some effects in schizophrenia.

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        • “Current theories” lack evidence to support them. It is clearly established that “high dopamine” in and of itself does not cause “schizophrenia.” Lots of people are very invested in maintaining the fiction that we “know” this is a purely biological “disease.” But those theories have no actual hard data supporting them. The burden of proof is on those claiming such theories, and so far, that burden remains very much unmet.

          Please provide scientific studies to refute this if you have them. But I won’t hold my breath.

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    • Thousands of medications are used by doctors without fully understanding the mechanism. The same thing goes with alternative treatments. Even proponents of alternatives like niacin therapy must confront the fact that the vast majority of schizophrenics are not niacin deficient (and niacin treatment only rarely helps). Indians used Indian Snakeroot to treat ‘insanity’ for hundreds of years without knowing that it inhibited VMAT and hence depleted dopamine and relieving psychotic symptoms. Also, there is some evidence of elevated dopamine in schizophrenia – at least elevated dopamine release via subsensitive d2 autoreceptors. Drugs like aripiprazole don’t block dopamine receptors but rather activate dopamine autoreceptors and slow dopamine release. Though, there are many different subtypes of schizophrenia and (like depression) not everybody responds to mainstream treatment.

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    • Schizophrenia is not (and was never) a short term problem. Look at the stats on mental hospitals before and after chloropromazine. It at least got many people well enough to go home and live with family.

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      • If you had read Whitaker, you’d know that is wrong. Patients diagnosed with “Schizophrenia” actually recovered more commonly BEFORE Thorazine. More people left the hospital because of public policy decisions to reduce hospital beds and do “community treatment.” Recovery rates are currently better in countries that use LESS modern antipsychotics. Please read Whitaker’s research on this, including the WHO studies in the late 90s, before assuming your conclusions are correct.

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  8. How can anyone really tell what damage the drugs did ?

    I know about rebound psychosis from my experience with the hell from the center of hell psychosis from Zyprexa withdrawal. A psychosis I never had BEFORE ingesting that horrible stuff ?

    Was that Dopamine Super-sensitivity ?

    If it was dopamine super-sensitivity then why did I have that anhedonia that persisted long after I stopped taking it ? And why was it that Adderal relieved this lingering and horrible anhedonia ? And made me feel ‘normal’ again .

    I have read many posts in forums about the lingering anhedonia after exposure to neuroleptics Zyprexa and Invega especially . Anhedonia would suggest according to the dopamine theory a condition of low dopamine or low dopamine sensitivity.

    My experience did not include a diagnosis of schizophrenia or presence of TD [tardive dyskinesia].

    Bottom line these drugs absolutely do damage and no one knows the mechanisms of it. And if I listened to them and was compliant I would still be effed up on them or dead.

    Zyprexa, WTF was I thinking swallowing that and thinking nothing bad was going to happen ?

    It helps with anxiety and insomnia and “don’t worry it’s safe” .

    “Don’t worry it’s safe” . That doctor should loose his license and be sent to prison for telling me that.

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    • Copy cat, I am interested in what you say about Adderall. I was just wondering today whether Dexedrine might help people with antidepressant-discontinuation-induced anhedonia and/or akathisia, though that does sound far-fetched, especially for akathisia.

      I am very glad to hear that it helped, and wonder if you could say a bit more about it, along the lines of…

      Did you have problems in addition to psychosis and anhedonia after the Zyprexa-withdrawal-induced hedonia?

      Who came up with the Adderall idea? Why did he or she propose it?

      As for doctors losing their licenses…seems very hard to do, and it is devastating to the patient-victims.

      I know of a psychiatrist in California who drugged and raped a woman he met in a bar, using pharma drugs. The CA medical board was informed, and the case is documented on their web site, but the board did not revoke his licence.

      I know of another psychiatrist who was banned from practice in NY, then warned by CA’s board, not long after relocating there–both times for over-prescribing Ritalin. A second warning was issued a few years later, but he is still practicing, too.

      In at least one case, when Ritalin made a patient anxious to the point of disability, the former NY doc added Adderall, which did not help, so naturally he added Prozac and Ativan. (Why he didn’t then advise snorting meth is an open question.) That patient entered a ruinous period of psychosis and developed symptoms that were diagnosed as intractable epilepsy. Recovery from psychosis and seizures occurred slowly, with no further drugs or doctors.

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      • Having taken Dexadrine and Adderal before I just knew it would combat the anhedonia caused by the Zyprexa even if it was just replacing it with its own effect.

        Anhedonia is no joke, I could remember what it was like to be motivated and to want but I couldn’t feel it.

        I remember going to the natural history museum on that wicked Zyprexa being totally unable to feel that sense of wonder like I felt years before looking at the display of the meteorite.

        That stuff was just an insidious robbery of everything that makes life life.

        I am just lucky I survived and recovered from psychiatry’s chemicals as well as I did.

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  9. I keep hoping against hope that the duplicity and intellectual dishonesty that seems to abound in mainstream biopsychiatry, much to the detriment of those caught in it’s pernicious web, will be exposed and corrected. There is a proverb that says “Hope deferred makes the heart sick.” I’ve been alternately hopeful and heartsick in recent years.

    This article strikes me as more than a ray of hope. In “Anatomy of an Epidemic” Robert Whitaker related how the concept of dopamine supersensitivity was first raised by physicians Guy Chouinard and Barry Jones back in the late 1970’s, but quickly dismissed by some of the key opinion leaders in psychiatry. As Whitaker said, “Psychiatry desperately needed this discussion to go away.” And it did, mostly, for over thirty years.

    However, it seems to be making it’s way back into professional dialogue other that just among the “choir” (like here in MIA). This study, I believe, bears out the old addage that “You can fool some of the people some of the the time….etc.” Kudos to those who refuse to yield to the pressure of the power brokers who will defend the status quo at any cost. Eventually, the truth prevails.

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    • “Robert Whitaker related how the concept of dopamine supersensitivity was first raised by physicians Guy Chouinard and Barry Jones back in the late 1970’s, but quickly dismissed by some of the key opinion leaders in psychiatry. As Whitaker said, “Psychiatry desperately needed this discussion to go away.” And it did, mostly, for over thirty years.

      However, it seems to be making it’s way back into professional dialogue other that just among the “choir” (like here in MIA). This study, I believe, bears out the old addage that “You can fool some of the people some of the the time
.etc.” ”

      But one way or another, psychiatry got away with 30 more years of needless brain damaging drugging, a time that ushered in their most prosperous era ever, saw them achieve the most legal and political power ever, and expand their drugging to millions of children. The fact that dopamine supersensitivity is making a comeback, along with Whitaker’s historical documentation of how psychiatry swept it under the rug, is proof enough that psychiatry is culpable of crimes against humanity. That the theory was valid all along and their actions in suppressing it were dishonest and selfish, and lead to catastrophe amounts of harm, permanent damage and even death… even the death of children: http://www.ahrp.org/cms/content/view/158/52/

      When it comes to brain damage and psychiatric drugs, the quote by Phillip Dick says it at: ‘Reality is that which, when you stop believing in it, doesn’t go away.”

      Psychiatry has been, knowingly and willingly, trying to buy as much time as it can. I keep waiting for some sort of legal power to catch on to this and bring them the Nuremberg-esque trials that they deserve. They deserve nothing less.

      This is no time to be hopeful anymore than the day the Allies carpet bombed Germany was a day to be hopeful. The damage is already done. Plain and simple. It’s time for justice.

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      • I appreciate your remarks, Jeffrey. While this article still leaves me feeling more hopeful, I don’t disagree about the need for justice. In fact, I’m working for it in some small local, “person-by-person” ways…and I’ve recently become part of something that will hopefully give me the opportunity to have a much broader impact. I really do wrestle with this issue–that is, how much to expend my efforts toward “re-education and reform” and how much toward bringing to justice those who seem impervious to change and blithely unconcerned about the damage they’re doing.

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