Comments by Shock Survivors and Their Loved Ones

The #FDAStopTheShockDevice petition has received over 2,200 signatures and 800+ comments. A more thorough analysis of those comments is forthcoming, however, we wanted to offer a glimpse of what people shared. The sixth, seventh, and eighth most common words used in the comments submitted through the petition were “damage,” “barbaric” and “torture.” We must continue the fight to make sure that the FDA hears the people who will be adversely affected by the proposed rule if it becomes an order.

On April 1, 2016, I spoke with the person in charge of the FDA’s proposed rule, Michael Ryan. He explained to me that even though it was arbitrary, they had to close the period for comments at some point, and that the FDA would not be reopening the shock dockets. Nor did he envision them holding hearings, he said, because they held hearings in 2011. After explaining to Mr. Ryan my inability to input all of the comments we received through the petition, and how documents from my own comments were not successfully uploaded, he agreed to accept these documents in print form. So this week, I will be printing and sending all the petition signatures and comments to Mr. Ryan via registered mail, return receipt requested.

This means that there is still a small window of time for you to sign the petition and leave a comment. I find the FDA not reopening the shock dockets or holding accessible public hearings on the shock device unacceptable, and I hope you will agree with me that we must take further actions. Do not let arbitrary dates dictate the down-classification of the shock device! This is literally the last chance to ask your networks, friends, and loved ones to have your voice counted in this round of our fight with the FDA to not down-classify the shock device for any reason, and to have them hold hearings on the shock device.

Here are some poignant comments from shock survivors (and their friends and family) to the FDA:

“I received ECT in 2015 from a highly respected psychiatric facility. ECT was not only ineffective at sustainably improving my mental health, but it did significantly damage my memory and brain function.”

*****

“My grandfather, a NASA engineer, was reduced to a vegetative state through “treatment” with ECT. A dear friend of mine survived several rounds of ECT in her younger days and describes it as a horrifying and excruciating experience. This device deserves to be banned from use, not down classified!!”

*****

“We thought we were helping our daughter. It only has made things worse. It has really affected her cognition and working memory. I wish she had never received ECT.”

*****

“Electroshock treatment has ruined my life. I had 30 rounds of ect for severe depression at 21 years old. Now 27 years old, I’m scared about my future as its been over 5 years and I’m still left with severe disabilities from it. It wiped out the majority of my autobiographical memories, and caused severe short term memory problems, apathy, eye movement disorder, spontaneous seizures, headaches, nightmares, ptsd. Not only did ect make my life worse and wipe out much of who I am, I’m unsure of the future. Had neuro testing 6 months after ect and my iq dropped 50 points, was a former honor student in high school. I measured at 78 which is almost borderline retardation. Have seen 2 neurologist now too. This is a very dangerous treatment and in talking to hundreds of people now, I’m convinced ect causes permanent disability and people can no longer go back to their former jobs. Downclassing shock let alone keeping this as a practice, is a crime against humanity.”

*****

“I am a shock survivor and sustained permanent brain injury from this untested procedure and device, secondary to the failure of the FDA to protect me as a person protected by the ADA. It is frank discrimination and negligence on their part.”

*****

“My dad had ECT when I was a kid and since “treatment” he will look at me and call me by my sister’s name it’s like my name doesn’t exist in his memory unless someone reminds him of it. I also witnessed my dad go from being grouchy and withdrawn to become angry full of rage and would have frequent outbursts of rage usually directed at me even if I hadn’t done anything more than walk into the room. ECT magnified the worst characteristics of my dad and pretty much destroyed the family… my parents divorced a few years after the ECT because of how bad things got with my dad. It wasn’t safe to live with him any more and even though he was grouchy and withdrawn before “treatment” I would have preferred to live with grouchy and withdrawn as opposed to violent and raging.”

*****

“I’m signing because I am a survivor of shock therapy. I wasn’t told all the possible risks. Because my depression seemed untreatable with drug therapy, the doctor suggested ECT’s. This ‘therapy’ needs to be stopped.”

*****

“I’m signing because I was subjected to extensive shock treatment from 1996-2005 as a result of misdiagnosis. The doctors who prescribed it were largely earnest and well-intended, but the consequences were destructive. I strongly oppose the proposed reclassification.”

*****

“I was labeled treatment resistant and underwent monthly ECT. I have memory problems and suffered an aneurysm, I was lucky to survive.”

*****

“I was coerced into “consenting” to this barbaric experience, and have been irrevocably harmed by induced grand mal seizures, without the benefit of accurate risk and effect information.”

*****

“I do not believe in the use of electroshock. It ruined my own mother’s neurological function leading to the loss of a parent for myself. I am heartbroken that anyone or anything would think this is a humane treatment. It brings me to tears. My parent is alive but she is dead inside. Her brain is completely inert.”

*****

“I am an iatrogenic survivor. I went from happily living a normal middle aged working spouse/mother life with a basic hypothyroid condition, to a full blown psychiatric iatrogenic survivor, now permanently labeled as mentally ill, while facing daily neurological post side effects of such treatments. This unnecessary and totally avoidable but what appears to be a current common rabbit hole, is experienced by thousands out there. It took away four years of my life that I will never regain, while nearly costing it! I went from being a successful environmental designer and architect professional managing my own design business, to a stigmatized disabled person facing daily debilitating post iatrogenic treatments’ side effects that now impair me from practicing my profession and living my life fully. ECT almost killed me. I crawled two years after and still face daily symptoms. Brains injury is not a treatment. This can never be classified as wearing glasses! This needs to be eradicated! It is inhumane and not Medicine! Shame on all of those who conduct and support this!”

*****

“I’m signing because a close friend received ECT, after being told that the side effects of memory loss were overblown in the literature or unlikely to happen. She now has very poor memory.”

*****

“31 continuous ECT’s spanning 4 months has ruined me forever. I can no longer take care of myself & finding a reason to push forward is uprooted by simply looking in the mirror, and no longer knowing the “soulless” fragment of a man I no longer know. Sounds dramatic I’m assuming, but I am far from!”

*****

“I had ECT several years ago and have had noticeable cognitive problems since and ECT does not reduce suicide risk.”

*****

“ECT treatments caused a huge change in my life. I was working 40 hours a week while having treatments and as a result of the treatments had to stop working and go on disability. How on earth was that helpful to me? Frankly, it wasn’t. The brain is unexplored territory, please do not do more harm by re-classifying this. Unless it is outlawed.”

*****

“ECT was given me without my family’s consent when I became 18, at a time when I lacked capacity to know what I was signing for.”

*****

“I went into it with what I thought was informed consent. It was supposed to be a last resort action to save me from being severely treatment resistant. It impaired me beyond belief for years to come. It only works because it causes brain damage. I was told it would simply make my brain reset itself and in a short time I would be fine… It is just a lobotomy really. Its goal is to cause damage and make you forget. The risks are just too bad. The medical community completely minimized them. I could have done without that. I had very impaired memory, emotional reasoning and cognition for many years afterward… Like 14 years now. It has taken me years to recover. And I do not know if I will ever fully recover. Dr’s must not be allowed to do any harm. Than they have already done! For any reason… It’s just not worth it. The campaign for it in the medical community is completely flawed. This is a barbaric practice that needs to be permanently banned.”

*****

“Shock treatment killed my sister.”

*****

“I am an ECT survivor. I was misled by my doctor at a vulnerable time.”

*****

“My brother in law suicided following the shock treatment he received. I cannot see that it does any good to anyone. Quite the reverse. I am so surprised it is still used at all, let alone anyone considering extending its use.”

*****

“I have suffered significant damage from weekly ECT treatments for 6 months! The Dr that performed this did not follow the protocol that was given by a University hospital ect specialist. I am a shell. My long term and short term memory has been greatly impaired and I have great difficulty comprehending many things. The thought of the FDA even considering down-classifying shock treatment is horrifying!!!”

*****

“Shock took my life from me.”

*****

“I was given electro shock and I signed when I was in a coma like state. It is unjust and dangerous!”

*****

“My grandmother died after receiving ECT, which was given to her simply because she was grieving over husband’s death. I’ve spoken to many hundreds of survivors of electroshock who say it’s torture, not “safe and effective” treatment. FDA is not putting consumers before the financial interests of the ECT device manufacturers and American Psychiatric Association. And “treatment resistant” blames the “patient,” not the treatment that has failed them.”

*****

“Am a victim of over 60 ECT’s during a period of 3 years… missing 4 years of my life, I don’t appreciate that. I hate walking into people who are strangers but the approach me like we’re BFF’s & looking at BFF’s & not remembering who they are… I’d like to keep the rest of my brain… thank you!”

*****

“I had forced ECT and it destroyed my life and the life of my family.”

*****

“My mother endured this barbaric “treatment” which, along with scores of different diagnoses and medications, never created wellness. Force never does. I am devastated to see other people “sold” ECT today by doctors who vastly downplay any side effects at all. These doctors should be held criminally liable for their unethical practice of denying risk. The FDA should be held equally liable if they choose to declassify ECT to Level II. Stop the Shock!”

*****

“I’ve been through ECT and have lasting effects that doctors deny are related to this procedure.”

*****

“I see the devastation caused to a loved one. Every day is a struggle for him to maintain amidst seemingly the simplest of things, which are to him, chaotic and unfamiliar, because he is constantly having to re-learn things that cannot be committed to memory. Everyone needs to listen to survivors’ stories; this needs to become real and fleshed-out. The medical industry has tried to soften the image of their barbarism by employing a euphemism–ECT, that will in most cases be bypassed easily by readers, if not totally overlooked. It is SHOCK TREATMENT! It does not matter that the industry lies and says it is not harmful! Ask yourself: Do you ever willingly seek to subject yourself to electrical voltage? It’s that simple, and there’s your answer!”

*****

“My husband lost so much of his life after receiving ECT when he was too sick to make an informed decision regarding consent. He went from an uber intelligent man to one who was just never the same.”

*****

“I was an ECT treatment recipient and there’s no way I would down-classify this procedure because I’ve had lasting cognitive deficits as a result.”

*****

“A person I know was given multiple shock treatments and I have painfully watched her cognitive recall decline dramatically over the last few years. She is a person who has made great contributions to supporting the mental health systems change in our area. This is heartbreaking.”

*****

“As a survivor of shock therapy, I can say it destroyed my subtle sensory ability to feel nuances of feelings that make life the experience it is meant to be. ECT should be outlawed in favor of gentler approaches to treating the so-called mental illnesses; these approaches would fall into the domain of alternative and holistic modalities and caring, understanding psychotherapy.”

*****

“My sister, mute and retarded, was given electroshock at the age of 13. The reason? Her sexuality clashed with a staunch catholic home.”

*****

“This so called treatment is horrendous. I submitted to it when I was a teenager and the consequences have been a lifetime of activism to fight back this dangerous procedure. I have a few friends that committed suicide after receiving that violent procedure. It is done to the most vulnerable like seniors in large numbers in most of the Western countries. This disgrace has to go.”

*****

“A close friend of mine of more than 30 years no longer recognized me after ECT.”

*****

“ECT is extremely barbaric and damaging. I know, as I was given many shocks without my consent. It should be banned entirely and it is shocking to me that ECT is still allowed.”

*****

“Electroshock has caused significant memory/cognitive impairments. I am now on SSDI due to brain damage. My quality of life has been greatly diminished due to this inhumane ‘treatment.'”

*****

“My spouse has been subjected to the torture of ECT and struggles to live with the damage done manifesting in severe memory loss and diminished cognitive abilities.”

*****

“I was developing a friendship with another inpatient in a medium term hospital setting that was beneficial to the both of us. As his ECT regimine progressed he lost all knowledge of the start we had made. ECT destroys social bonds. It harms more people that just the victim of the Intracranial burn scar.”

*****

“Electric shocks have a huge impact on people’s brain functioning and memory, and can sometimes end in death, my mother lost alit if memory and appeared like a zombie after her shocks, unable to motivate herself or remember things…..and it doesn’t take long before the depression comes back full force.”

*****

“I received ect 3 times a week for 4-5 weeks in 1995. I have no memory at all of it or of the previous 10 years of my life. I did not gain relief of my depression as a result of the ect.”

*****

“I have received ECT and personally know the damage they can do and they are definitely NOT low risk!”

*****

“ECT is, by its very nature, contra- indicated for ANY diagnosis for which it is currently perscribed. It causes brain damage. Currently considered a last resort, for that very reason, practical and far less expensive alternatives are never considered (i.e. peer respites, peer support, non-medical holistic whole body approaches, to name a few.) As a survivor of ECT, I suffer from significant memory loss, while my doctor declared my 30+ ECT treatments unhelpful.”

*****

“My sister received shock treatment. SHe has suffered irreparable brain damage to her short term memory and she will never be able to live unassisted. It breaks my heart to see her struggle with the after erffects of this “treatment” that was recommended by providers she trusted to help her. The results of this were devastating. Please stop this!”

*****

“Because my friends were severely badly affected after this treatment. Many have since passed away.”

*****

“I have had ECT shock treatments in the past, they erased my entire memory of events for months, were painful & horrible to experience & worst of all, they did NOTHING to alleviate my depression.”

*****

“ECT destroyed my family and my life, taking with it many years of memories as well as my ability to create new memories.”

*****

“I suffered permanent memory loss from ECT.”

*****

“ECT has been shown to cause brain damage. It should NEVER be used for ANY reason, but particularly in people who are already vulnerable due to mental illness. It has been used intentionally abusively to torture people who are designated by psychiatric “professionals” as noncompliant. I was a victim of this. These abuses will very likely increase if these devices are down classified.”

*****

“As a ‘treatment’ I have seen it overused on a close family member. The ‘results’ are horrific.”

*****

“In 1999, a family member who was 76 years old committed suicide 3 days after ECT treatment and while on 5 different psych meds. At the last ECT treatment given, the nurse told me there was no reason to continue the ECT treatments because they were not working and were causing more harm than good.. She did not understand why the psychiatrist insisted on continuing ECT treatments and said they were nothing but torture. I agreed with her and said the psychiatrist convinced my family the ECT treatments would eventually work.”

*****

“I have suffered severe reversible brain damage. 11 years on I cannot work.”

*****

“My mother was given these some 45 yrs ago for alcoholism and it didn’t work and it caused her to have seizures. She took her own life at the age of 39. I lost my mother on my 15th birthday.”

*****

“Shock treatment destroyed my grandma.”

*****

“I have a very good friend that went through over 80 ECTs. She has PTSD and memory loss from these treatments. She has lost some of her most precious memories including the birth of her only daughter. Electroshock is a barbariac practice that needs to stop!”

*****

“I know electroshock survivors, and I’ve been on a psych ward while it was being practiced on my friends. While you may be aware of the hazards (heart attacks, brain bleeds, memory loss), what you probably don’t know about is what happens to them as people who you interact with. They have a stare in their eyes, where their eyes don’t move like a normal person’s. It seems to look through you. They may have a smile on their face, but it is a goofy smile, empty of real expression and emotion or comprehension of what you are talking to them about. Years later, you can still see these effects. They have been hollowed out somehow as people, the connections in their brains fried with electricity so that they are no longer complete persons. It is a sad thing to see, and to witness happening. Shock is not effective in relieving depression or anything else beyond the first few weeks after it happens, when the brain, having suffered an injury, is trying to repair itself and so it seems that the activity of the mind has changed. In fact, it has only been damaged, and the electroshock survivors whom I personally know are all angry and confused about what was done to them, but they have been too brain damaged and intimidated to try to fight back any more. Electroshock is not “treatment.” It is a form of brain damage and torture, and I hope that you will prevent anyone from allowing it, because once you do, it will become “required” and that many more people will suffer. This is how the system works. When doctors can’t help, they use whatever extreme methods might be available — regardless of the harm that is done. Please do not allow electroshock to become a first-line treatment. It would be devastating to the public, and to many people who do not deserve this — especially when you consider the absolute dearth of genuine informed consent in this country. Please make a principled stand against it.”

*****

“I’ve seen the devastation that shock can cause. Nothing that causes epileptic seizures and erases your memory can be helpful. And don’t give me that claptrap about how it’s been made safer by use of anesthesia! That only adds another level of harm to it while appearing to sanitize it.”

*****

“I’ve received etc and consider it barbaric!”

*****

“I believe this is inhumane and barbaric treatment. I know several people who were never the same after this treatment. Recovery is possible and even to be expected foe those who have experienced mental health challenges, unfortunately shock treatment reduces the likelihood that an individual can recover while it permanently alters their personality.”

*****

“As survivor of this barbaric procedure, I cannot say I “support” this petition, no, I urge anyone who cares about their fellow human beings to sign. ECT has no relevance to treatment-resistance, since this term has no real meaning, but rather, it is given when the patient is a nuisance to the institution. There is NEVER a need for rapid response, never a need to “zap” a person’s brain and expect the person to presto chango be undepressed. Please do not believe such nonsense. This device can destroy brain cells, and other parts of the cerebral area. For what? It is genocide.”

*****

“My friend had a horrific experience with ECT and committed suicide six months later.”

*****

“I am an ECT survivor. I believe the device caused irreversible brain damage. I have lost memories. I have difficulty doing things that used to be second hand to me. I feel I was used as guaranteed money for the hospital.”

*****

“My aunt nearly died having this device used on her.”

*****

“My father received a series of shock treatments. He subsequently committed suicide.”

*****

“My mother was given ECT for a major depressive episode – brought about by my father divorcing her. To this day, she has permanent memory loss – specifically about times/events/things related to my sisters and me during our earlier childhoods. And while ECT techniques have allegedly been ‘improved’, giving a shock to anyone’s brain is a very intrusive practice, inherent with unintended side effects and potentially causing permanent damage.”

*****

“I found that my daughter was threatened with a long term stay if she did not submit to the demand. She did submit and paid a vicious price for that act, compliance.”

*****

“My sister suffered and is permanently impaired from this treatment!!!”

*****

“Among the people I know who have undergone ECT is my mother. It has not helped any of them, especially not her. It is a barbaric treatment which should be banned.”

*****

“I’ve had LOTS of ECT (ElectroConvulsive Therapy ((Shock Treatments)) over 48 years. Since ECT causes BRAIN DAMAGE, my memory is deficient about the period when I had the ECTs, It also removes periods of memory (up to 10 years at a time) and the MDs and the RNs tell you the memories will come back after awhile, BUT THEY DON’T. I do not remember much about the 1980s or 1990s. I do not remember the geographic layout of Seattle my home town. I don’t remember where Rainier Ave South is for example. Please sign this petition to the FDA to stop ECT. It is a brutal and unnecessary treatment, because patients will feel better eventually without any ECT. Peer exercise, diet, counseling, psychotherapy and medication will do the trick. (It is noteworthy that ECT is seldom administered to young men. It is administered primarily to older women. Shows us a little about whose brains are valued in our culture.)”

*****

“I’ve had numerous ECT treatments because I was deemed “treatment resistant” and now have to live with severe memory loss and cognitive impairment.”

*****

“I am signing this petition because I am still recovering from shock treatment that was done to me over forty years ago.”

*****

“I’m signing because I know the horror of this disabling procedure.”

*****

“Three people we have known have been traumatized and damaged by this procedure, a woman who can no longer read because she can’t remember the previous page, a father who can no longer think, remember or function enough to work and a 17 yr old who blames his parents for not protecting him when he was shocked with his parents consent.”

*****

“I’m an electroshock survivour and have experienced the harm caused by it, as well as the lies to cover it up.”

*****

“I absolutely disagree that ECT is safe in any way. I have known several people who have had ECT and desperately regret it. They have become devoid of any real feeling and they know that they are now unable to live any kind of a normal life. They have told me they just feel robotic toward life.”

*****

“15 High Voltage Electro Shock “Treatments” were forced on me as a teenager. They were acts of the utmost barbaric terror against my being then. Just the thought of it is terrorizing me still today.”

*****

“Everyone should have all information regarding their treatment before administration of such a treatment, although I felt that I benefited by it I believe that everyone has the right to refuse it.”

*****

“Because I have seen the effects that this machine has on people and it’s destructive and deadly. The people who are personal friends are really messed up and aware that it’s the electroshock treatment that caused them harm and depression.”

*****

“I have come to personally know individuals who have been harmed by this procedure for life (permanently)! And, under “Without capacity” laws can be administered in the US against a person’s will/wishes. ECT has proven dangers, honor them instead on minimizing them.”

*****

“I am an ECT Survivor (23 Shocks) and would never wish it upon vulnerable people because I’ve never been the same nor did ECT work! There are some who say it does, but do they really remember for sure? Family and friends noticed the difference reminding me NEVER to agree to be shocked again.”

*****

“My mother was a victim of ECT and was never the same again. It destroyed her life physically and mentally.”

*****

“I am a survivor of shock treatment. I was in a behavioral center for 4 weeks and received treatment 3 x week. It did break my depression, but the brain fog and long term memory loss wasn’t worth it.”

*****

“I’m signing because my husband, family and I was lied to; told the memory loss was temporary. Some 60 shocks, some 16 years beyond the last shock, husband passed away, the memories still haven’t returned, mega loss of better than 25 years. That’s why I’ve signed this petition!”

*****

“Patients, myself included are not given full disclosure upon obtaining consent. Permanent memory loss and permanently damage to cognitive functioning are real side effects which are life altering in a bad way. I have a right to know these things, especially since this treatment is dangerous and permanent brain damage is the result for all who undergo it.”

*****

“My Mother was given etc in her early thirties.It cannot be selective in what it wipes from memory and I’m sure it has contributed towards her very sad state now. It’s cruel.”

*****

“Because my niece went through ECT and it caused her permanent brain damage. This treatment should not be down-classified; it is dangerous.”

*****

“The shrinks electroshocked my dad for sexually abusing me. This did not cure him, but in fact made him less able to control his behavior because of the brain damage from the electric current through his brain.”

*****

“I had a family member receive this treatment, and it almost killed them and severely lowered their quality of life. It should be banned not lowered in class.”

*****

“I know firsthand that shock treatment is. NOT the answer for people who are depressed. Psychotherapy, DBT, exercise, meditation etc are much better,without memory loss or brain damage. Do not change the classification of the ECT machine.”

*****

“Over a continuous period of 3 and a half months in 1976-77, I was reduced to a virtual vegetable (unable to think, converse or do anything but the simplest tasks) by being subjected to “intensive treatment”, i.e. very-frequent ECT in combination with unusually high doses of drugs – which included neuroleptics, anti-depressants and barbiturates. All without my consent and most of it without my knowledge. There was no “emergency” or “treatment-resistant depression”. They just did it to me because they could. Despite my best efforts and happy marriage, I still struggle with short-term memory problems and permanent cognitive dysfunction. All traceable to those 3 and a half months “intensive treatment”.”

*****

“I’m signing because a family member received shock “therapy” and 20 years later is still experiencing the side effects. Horrible!”

*****

“I had shock therapy for 2 and a half years. As the years go by I now have a form of amnesia due to the shock therapy, please make them STOP!”

*****

“I am AGAINST reclassifying shock. They had five years since the 2011 ruling to prove it was safe and effective, and they didn’t bother. Or they couldn’t produce the data. Either way, it IS NOT safe and effective. Shock causes brain injury. I know. It happened to me.

When I was in grad school I had an existential crisis related to my career choice, a bad marriage, drug use, and a spiritual emergency. Of course this earned me a mental health label because that’s the way it works, right? No one ever talked to me about those four root causes, just the “symptoms.” So I got on all kind of psych drugs that made it hard to work and then I started losing jobs and failing out of grad school. I felt hopeless and useless. I made a few suicide attempts and then ended up in the shock jock hospital in town.

I had good insurance so they offered me shock treatment. I googled it and found some NAMI blog about “safe and effective,” and I didn’t research further because I trusted the medical industry in those days. They said, “You’ve tried everything else, right?”

So the hospital starting giving me these treatments and I lost the ability to speak. I had memory problems, trouble sleeping. problems with confusion, fatigue, and anger issues. All symptoms of a brain injury. I had an IQ test in this time frame and my IQ had gone from 142 to 99.

Years later I met a mental health tech who used to work at that hospital. She said, ‘They shocked everyone there. Anyone at all who had good insurance. I don’t think it helped anyone at all. But it sure made a lot of money for the doctor.'”

*****

“I am signing this petition because I have seen firsthand what these kinds of treatments do to people (one of my own family members) and the results are horrific. This is not a treatment, it is legalized torture.”

*****

“I am a survivor of “ECT’s”. The FDA can not truly believe this type of treatment to humans or animals is ok? This is barbaric and torture. I just turned 43. I had over 70 of these horrible “treatments” within a two year span. The last one in 2008. Thank God for the support of other survivors. Prayers to the families who lost loved ones from this. Prayers to the victims who are unable to sign this petition because they lost themselves due to ECT’s. I suffer mentally, physically and emotionally from the damages caused by ECT’s. FDA PLEASE DO NOT DOWN GRADE THE SHOCK DEVICE TO A CLASS II FROM CLASS III.”

*****

#FDAOpenShockDocketsBackUp

#FDAHoldShockDeviceHearings

#FDAStopTheShockDevice